Electric arc furnace

We are currently carrying out research to develop a mathematical model for the electric arc furnace. The model is developed in collaboration with international research institutes and steelmakers, and is intented for online use. On the experimental side, we are studying the use of biochar for slag foaming and the modification of DRI-based EAF slags.

Highlights

• A mathematical model for the online prediction and control of the EAF process in both stainless steelmaking and carbon steelmaking is in progress.
• First detailed characterisation of H-DRI-based EAF slags.

Selected publications

• R. Kallio, M. Cantaluppi, J. Louhisalmi, and V.-V. Visuri, “Mineralogical characteristics of fossil-free steel slags,” Minerals Engineering, vol. 230, 2025. 109396
  [View publication]
• I. Mäkelä, V.-V. Visuri, M. Aula, and T. Echterhof, “Coupled dynamic modelling of scrap melting and gas phase reactions in the EAF process", IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 1039, 2024. 012005
  [View publication]
• E. Hoikkaniemi, P. Sulasalmi, V.-V. Visuri, and T. Fabritius, “Biochar as a slag foaming agent in EAF – A novel experimental setup,” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 1039, 2024. 012010
  [View publication]
• S. Jawahery, V.-V. Visuri, S. O. Wasbø, A. Hammervold, N. Hyttinen, and M. Schlautmann, "Thermophysical Model of Electric Arc Furnace for Online Optimization and Control", Metals, vol. 11, no. 10, 2021. 1587
  [View publication]
• V.-V. Visuri, M. Aula, A. Ringel, and T. Fabritius, "Towards dynamic modeling of the EAF process", Proceedings of the 12th European Electric Steelmaking Conference, Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining, Sheffield, United Kingdom, pp. 351–359, 2021.
  [View publication]
• T. Hay, V.-V. Visuri, M. Aula, and T. Echterhof, "A Review of Mathematical Process Models for the Electric Arc Furnace Process", Steel Research International, vol. 92, no. 3, article 2000395, 2021.
  [View publication]
• T. Hay, T. Echterhof, and V.-V. Visuri, "Development of an Electric Arc Furnace Simulator Based on a Comprehensive Dynamic Process Model", Processes, vol. 7, no. 11, 2019. 852
  [View publication]
• T. Veijola, M. Aula, N. Hyttinen, V.-V. Visuri, M. Jokinen, and T. Fabritius, "Modifying the EAF voltage tap profile for lower electrode tip consumption and increased energy efficiency", Proceedings of the 4th European Steel Technology and Application Days, Düsseldorf, Germany, Stahlinstitut VDEh, 2019.
  [View publication]